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4.Association of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with Body Mass Index
Zainab Ghias1, Shabnam Dildar1, Samar Abbas Jaffri2 and Nayab Afzal3
ABSTRACT
Objective: In the developing countries particularly Southeast Asian countries like India and Pakistan, majority of the young population is underweight and malnourished. We saw the association of type 1 diabetes mellitus or IDDM with body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents.
Study Design: Case control study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the National Institute of Blood Disease and Bone Marrow Transplantation (NIBD), Hospital Karachi, Pakistan from September 2018 to February 2019.
Materials and Methods: Cases were 1-16-year-olds of either gender with uncontrolled IDDM (HbA1C > 7.5%) on therapy for at least six months. Controls were non-diabetic healthy youngsters with mild symptoms including cough, fever, and illness. The principal researcher informed parents and recruited clinic patients who met selection criteria. Age, gender, weight, height, and BMI were collected during the first visit. Normal BMI is 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, high BMI is 25 kg/m2, and underweight is 18.5 kg/m2. A proforma had all data. The institution ethics board allowed the research. All data was confidential.
Results: Seventy diabetic children (cases) and seventy healthy. There were matched controls for age and gender. Out of all, 13/70(18.5%) controls and 10/70(14.3%) cases had normal BMI, 53/70 (75.7%) controls and 57/70(81.4%) cases were underweight and only 3/70 (4.3%) cases and 4/70(5.7%) controls were overweight. Most of the cases 65(92.8%) had poor glycemic control with mean HbA1C of 10.5±2.5%. No any children were obese in the present study. The correlation coefficient was r=0.32 and Cohen kappa showed poor agreement between high BMI and type1 diabetes with k=0.25.
Conclusion: Most of the children (cases) were underweight and had poor glycemic control despite of taking regular insulin regimen; there was no association of BMI with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Key Words: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, body mass index, HbA1C, children, adolescents.
Citation of article: Ghias Z, Dildar S, Jaffri SA, Afzal N. Association of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with Body Mass Index. Med Forum 2023;34(4):15-18.