45. Effects of Different Dosage of Calcium on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits
Nauman Idris Butt1, Mohammad Rafique3, Umra Imran2, Anum Imran2, Faryal Azhar2 and Muhammad Usama Faruqui4
ABSTRACT
Objective: To Study the Effects of Different Dosages of calcium on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits.
Study Design: Experimental Study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Idris Teaching Hospital Sialkot and DHQ Teaching Hospital Faisalabad during Feb 2020 to April 2020.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-four Rabbits were included in this experimental study. Different doses of Calcium and Gentamicin were given to rabbits and Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Serum Creatinine, Urine Protein, Kidney SOD and histopathology of kidney were recorded. The Ethical Committee Permission was taken before start of the study and data published in Medical Journal. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 14.0 package. The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Student's unpaired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test were used for parametric and non-parametric data, respectively. P <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Rabbits: Effect on BUN, serum Creatinine, urinary proteins and kidney SOD: The levels of BUN, serum creatinine, urinary proteins, and kidney SOD were compared between the five groups, on day 7, after six days of consecutive treatment with respective drugs. The baseline values were similar in all groups on day 0. Results showed that BUN, serum creatinine, and urinary proteins were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) and kidney SOD levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in group II (Gentamicin-treated group). While calcium 0.5 g/kg/day and calcium 1.0 g/kg/day significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the elevated BUN, serum creatinine, urinary proteins, and significantly elevated (P < 0.05) the SOD levels when administered with gentamicin in group V, respectively. There was a significant dose-dependent relationship between group 4 with group 5 (calcium 1.0 g/kg/day) showing more significant effect on above parameters when compared to group V.
Histopathological effects: The histopathological picture of animals in group I, III, and IV revealed normal architecture of glomeruli and mesangium. Basement membrane of the tubules was found to be intact. However, animals in group II (gentamicin only) showed numerous patches of focal and diffuse necrosis of tubular cells. Basement membrane breaks were found in tubule sections. Glomerular changes of grade 4 were seen with occasional infiltration. The renal histopathology picture in group V (calcium 0.5 g/kg/day) revealed normal architecture of glomeruli and mesangium with few areas of focal necrosis while group V (calcium 1.0 g/kg/day) revealed normal architecture of glomeruli and mesangium. Basement membrane of the tubules was found to be intact in both groups Basement membrane breaks were found in tubule sections. Glomerular changes of grade 4 were seen with occasional infiltration
Conclusion: The administration of calcium 1.0 g/kg/day is more efficacious than calcium 0.5 g/kg/day in preventing Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Further, there is no species sensitive variation in results that could be extrapolated to humans.
Key Words: Rabbits, Gentamicin, Calcium, Nephrotoxicity.
Citation of article: Butt NI, Rafique M, Imran U, Imran A, Azhar A, Faruqui MU. Effects of Different Dosage of Calcium on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits. Med Forum 2020;31(10):199-204.