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  3. 25.Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Parasite Density in Determining Disease Severity in Falciparum Malaria
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25.Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Parasite Density in Determining Disease Severity in Falciparum Malaria

Shaista Alam1, Aysha Sarwar2 and Saman Hussain3

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the TNF and parasite density in determining disease severity in falciparum malaria by using Giemsa stained slides. Our major aim was to explore the association of TNF levels with anemia, disease severity and mortality ratio.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Teaching Hospital of Peshawar Institute of Medical Sciences between February 2019 to November 2019.

Materials and Methods: Total 300 patients were analyzed and 70 infected patients were recruited. For comparison total of 60 healthy individuals were selected. A structured questionnaire was produced for the age, gender and socioeconomic status, educational status, and clinical manifestations of the participants. From each participant, two thin and thick blood with 4% Giemsa stained slides were prepared and observed under the microscope for Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears and confirmation of Plasmodium presence.

Results: Correlation analysis was performed to understand the relationship of parasite burden with anemia, we observed a negative correlation between HB vs parasitemia, decreased Hb level VS TNF, parasitemia vs red blood count, and parasitemia vs IL-6 level. On the other hand, a positive correlation was formed between HB level vs RBC levels and TNF vs parasitemia.

Conclusion: TNF and IL-6 serves as an early marker of prognosis as TNF was high in  patients  with even moderate levels of parasitemia and so these patients must be managed indoor and high vigilant care to be given with close monitoring to prevent deterioration.

Key Words: Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Cytokines, parasitemia, Giemsa stained slides

Citation of article: Alam S, Sarwar A, Hussain S. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Parasite Density in Determining Disease Severity in Falciparum Malaria. Med Forum 2021;32(8):108-112.