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20. Effects of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) Exposure on Infertility Issues in Targeted Male Population in Industrial area of Hayatabad Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Mohammad Yousaf, Ishrat Naz, Summayia Arif Khattak, Asad Khan and Javaria Arif Khattak
ABSTRACT
Objective: To find serum level of lead and cadmium in male population of reproductive age, correlate it with infertility issues and to recommend safety and remedial measures in industrial work place in Hayatabad Peshawar.
Study Design: Cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Tertiary Care Hospital Dr. Fida Painless Hospital and Health Care Center Peshawar KPK from June to November 2021.
Materials and Methods: The study population was 70 infertile male divided into two equal groups. G1 consists of 35 male in age group (20-35 years) and G2 (36-55 years). Data was collected on a questioner designed for the study. The living samples of nail were donated by the patient on informed consent. Wet Acid Digestion of nail was carried with nitric acid for 60 minutes at 60°C. The Pb and Cd content of nails were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometers (Model Perkin Elmer AAS 700).
Results: Mean BMI of G1 population was lower (25.35 kg/m2) than G2 (28.71 kg/m2). The mean lead level in nail of G1 ((303.23ug/g) was higher than in G2 ((297.9ug/g). Similarly The mean Cd level in nail of G1 ((92.86 ug/g) was also higher than in G2 ((33.36 ug/g). Cd was positively related with age and negatively correlated with BMI. Pb was negatively correlated with both age and BMI in G1 and G2.
Conclusion: The findings of this research reveal that exposure of industrial workers to Pb and Cd contamination may increase their level in their body tissues and may be a potent threat to their sexual health and infertility issues in male. Thus safety measured should be adopted to avoid the accumulation of these toxic heavy metals and their long term effects on their health.
Key Words: Effects of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Population, Industrial area.