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17.Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in the Management of Hyper Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Salman Khan, Khurram Haq Nawaz, Sheherbano Jadoon, Ibrar Saleem, Muhammad Jalil, and Imran Ahmad
ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the effects of tranexamic acid on patients with hyperacute spontaneous ICH in terms of hematoma volume, clinical outcomes, and safety.
Study Design: A cross-sectional observational investigation study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Neurology Department of Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from 05 January 2022 to 05 January 2023.
Methods: Investigation was conducted in the Hospital and included in the study were 120 patients who presented with hyperacute spontaneous ICH. The following information was gathered: demographics, medical history, time of onset of symptoms, blood pressure, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, and administration of tranexamic acid. Volume of hematoma was assessed both at the time of presentation and 24 hours later, whereas evaluations of neurological function and safety outcomes were conducted 7 and 30 days after presentation.
Results: The average age of the participants was 65.4 years, with males comprising the plurality at 62.5%. Patients presented 4.5 hours, on average, after the onset of symptoms. A reduction in NIHSS scores and a statistically significant increase in hematoma volume were observed seven days after presentation (p < 0.05). Thromboembolic events were documented in 4.2% of the patients, seizures in 2.5%, and mortality accounted for 12.5% of the cases. In the regression analysis, no significant predictors of outcomes were identified.
Conclusion: Tranexamic acid demonstrated positive safety profile among patients diagnosed with hyperacute spontaneous ICH, as evidenced by its low occurrence of thromboembolic events and seizures. There was no correlation between an increase in hematoma volume and deterioration in clinical outcomes.
Key Words: Hematoma Volume; Hyperacute Intracerebral Hemorrhage; Safety Outcomes; Tranexamic Acid; Treatment Efficacy.