11. Feto-Maternal Complications in Gestational Diabetes and in Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus
Asifa Alia, Riaz Ahmad and Maria Husain
ABSTRACT
Objective: Study aimed to compare the feto-maternal outcomes in pregnancy with gestational diabetes to pregnant women with preexisting diabetes.
Study Design: Descriptive observational clinical study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Doctors Trust Teaching Hospital affiliated with Rai Medical college Sargodha for one year from January 2019 to January 2020.
Materials and Methods: A population of pregnant women (n= 240) with singleton pregnancies were enrolled and divided into two groups based on pre-existing (group A, n=120) and gestational (group B, n=120) diabetes diagnosed by 2-hr-75g-OGTT. Descriptive analysis of categorical data was presented as frequencies and percentages. Pearson chi square test of independence was applied for qualitative variables. Statistically, p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The most recurrent maternal complication was vaginal candidiasis (46.67% & 43.3%) as seen in both groups A and B respectively. In the groups, 30 % of the pre-gestational diabetic mothers suffered from preterm labor in comparison to the 23.3% of gestational diabetic mothers. Equal incidence of urinary tract infection (23.3%) and pregnancy induced hypertension (30%), polyhydromnias (16.6%), preterm rupture of membranes (10%), and intra uterine growth retardation (6.67%) were observed in both groups. Though gestational diabetic mothers developed 13.3% and 6.67% hypertension and postpartum hemorrhage respectively as compared to the pre gestational mothers in which only hypertension was observed (13.3%). Fetal complications in “group A” included NICU admission, low birth weight, still births, shoulder dystocia and congenital anomalies whereas group B neonates had higher frequency of macrosomia, and hypoglycemia.
Conclusion: Both GDM and preexisting diabetes have adverse feto-maternal outcomes; however some complications are seen more in pre-gestational as compared to gestational diabetes. Key Words: Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational Diabetes, Feto-maternal Outcomes
Citation of article: Alia A, Ahmad R, Husain M, Chaudry B. Feto-Maternal Complications in Gestational Diabetes and in Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus. Med Forum 2020;31(4):45-49.