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  3. 1. A Clinical Study of Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Oral Premalignant Lesions
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1. A Clinical Study of Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Oral Premalignant Lesions

Nazar Muhammad Afridi1, Rana Tauqir Ullah Khan2, Zar Khan3 and Muhammad Usman Anjum4

 

ABSTRACT

 

Objective: To the determine prevalence of oral premalignant lesions as well as to identify the risk factors associated with these lesions,

 

Study Design: Descriptive study,

 

Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at the Frontier Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad from January 2016 to June 2017,

 

Materials and Methods: All those patients who were more than 20 years of age and whowere diagnosed cases of oral premalignant lesions were included while those patients who were already diagnosed with oral cancers were excluded from the study. Detailed history was taken specifically about risk factors such as history of smoking, use of betel quid, consumption of snuff (naswar) and alcohol, clinical examination was performed and details were recorded in a pre-structured proforma. All oral lesions were diagnosed by an experienced clinician and confirmed on histopathological examination of the biopsy samples taken from these lesions. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS, version 21.

 

Results: Mean age of study participants was 40±8.4 years with 60% of them were males and 40% were females. Most of the patients, 52.5%, were between the ages of 20-40 years showing higher predilection for this age group. The most common site of involvement was buccal mucosa, 58 cases, followed by tongue, 40 cases, floor of mouth, 12 cases, and palate, 10 cases. Regarding types of oral premalignant lesions, the most common lesion diagnosed was leukoplakia, 90 cases, followed by erythroplakia, 15 cases, and oral submucous fibrosis, 12 cases. Lichen planus was quite infrequent as it was observed in only 3 cases. The most common risk factor observed was cigarette smoking, 45%, followed by betel quid, 15% and snuff (naswar), 7.5%. None of the study participants admitted to being using alcohol.

 

Conclusion: Oral premalignant lesions especially leukoplakia and erythroplakia are quite common. Tobacco smoking and betel quid use are strong risk factors for development of these lesions. Mass education programs should be initiated to increase awareness among masses about the risk factors associated with these diseases so as to decrease their incidence. Similarly, all oral lesions should be diagnosed early and mass lesions should be biopsied to make an accurate diagnosis as early diagnosis and treatment can prevent their progression to cancers. Key Words: Premalignant, Oral Cavity

 

Citation of article: Afridi NM, Khan RTU, Khan Z, Anjum MU. A Clinical Study of Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Oral Premalignant Lesions. Med Forum 2017;28(11):3-6.